oracle冷备份无法启动
2019-03-12数据库硬盘坏了，有rsync复制的没有shutdown的冷备份。
1、但是启动时报错：SQL> alter database open ;
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 1 needs media recovery if it was restored from backup, or END
BACKUP if it was not
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u02/oracle/oradata/dydb/system01.dbf'
2、正常的db，你查询如下几个值都是一样的：
select checkpoint_change# from v$database; --来自controlfile
select checkpoint_change# from v$datafile; --来自controlfile
select checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_orader; --来自datafile header
其实，通常来讲，只要上述几个值一样，那么我们的db应该都是可以直接open打开的
3、如果仅仅是ctl和dbf文件scn不一致，我们可以重建控制文件恢复
主导思想：创建控制文件，然后open数据库。
4、具体步骤：
a.startup mount
b.alter database backup controlfile to trace；
c.根据/u02/oracle/mydb/udump/dydb_ora_13291.trc
create a control file creation script from the trace file,
and use the noresetlogs option
SQL>shutdown abort
cd $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/mydb
rm *.ctl删除控制文件
SQL>@create.sql 会启动到mount模式，重建3个控制文件
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "MYDB" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 922
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u02/oracle/oradata/mydb/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 '/u02/oracle/oradata/mydb/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 '/u02/oracle/oradata/mydb/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
DATAFILE
'/u02/oracle/oradata/mydb/system01.dbf',
'/u02/oracle/oradata/dydb/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u02/oracle/oradata/dydb/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u02/oracle/oradata/dydb/users01.dbf',
'/data1/oracle/talk99_crm_ts_2015_1.dbf',
'/data1/oracle/db_crm_201110_1.dbf',
'/data1/oracle/db_other_201110_1.dbf',
'/data1/oracle/db_test_201403_2.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
select open_mode from v$database;
SQL> recover database;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open ;
Database altered.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u02/oracle/oradata/dydb/temp01.dbf' REUSE;
如果数据库不能启动了，继续查日志，确定原因。
d.shutdown abort
e.startup nomount
Use the script generated by the 'backup controlfile to trace' command above
creaet the control file
f.recover database
g.alter database open
h.alter database open resetlogs;
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01194: file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent 需要更多的恢复来保持一致性 解析
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u02/oracle/oradata/dydb/system01.dbf'
5、归档模式下然后根据情况，指定archive log和redo file。
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 9617065337 generated at 12/28/2018 22:19:50 needed for thread
1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u02/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DYDB/archivelog/2019_03_11/o1_mf_1_40350_%u_.arc
ORA-00280: change 9617065337 for thread 1 is in sequence #40350